Opening the Schrödinger Box: Short- and Long-Range Mammalian Heart Rate Variability
BackgroundThe interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), intrinsic systems (e.g., endocrine), and internal pacemaker mechanisms govern short (milliseconds–seconds)- and long (seconds–minutes)-range heart rate variability (HRV).However, there is a debate regarding the identity of the mechanism underlying HRV on each time scale.We a